What are the formalities for entering Canadian territory?
Since March 15, 2016, visa-exempt foreign travelers taking a flight to Canada or transiting Canada to their final destination will need to obtain an Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA). This requirement does not apply, among others, to citizens of the United States and travelers who have a valid visa. Most of you will need a valid entry document such as an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) or visa to visit Canada. It will depend on your citizenship or your situation.
Take these precautions before your departure and check if you need an eTA or a visa:
http://www.cic.gc.ca/francais/visiter/index.asp
or
http://www.cic.gc.ca/francais/visiter/visas.asp